Gambling involves betting money or something of value on a game or an event that depends on chance, such as a lottery or football match. Most people who gamble do so responsibly, but some develop a problem. Gambling disorders are recognised mental health conditions and have been included in the diagnostic manuals of many psychiatric organisations.
Often, gambling is used to relieve unpleasant feelings or to relax. But there are healthier ways to manage moods and boredom, such as exercising, socialising with friends who don’t gamble or trying new hobbies.
When people gamble, the brain releases dopamine, a feel-good neurotransmitter that gives a short-term high. The excitement and anticipation of winning can become addictive, especially if the person loses often or starts to bet higher amounts. Some people find it hard to recognize when they have a problem and seek help. Others find that other activities, such as food or sex, no longer provide pleasure because their addiction to gambling has changed their brain chemistry.
Understanding of gambling problems has evolved over time, similar to the way that our views of alcoholics have changed. Gambling disorders are now classified as a psychological disorder in the DSM-IV. This change has been influenced by research, and the preference of clinicians in the United States and around the world for including “loss of control” as a diagnostic criterion. This reflects the view that people who have lost control of their gambling are no longer able to regulate it.